History

Order Description

response paper of no more than two pages, describing how Christianity became such a potent force in the early years.Required Text(s)
McManners, J. (Ed.). (1990). Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity. New York:Oxford University Press.
Other

Using the book “The American Promise: A Concise History, Volume I: To 1877. Fifth Edition”, write 2 essays (1.5 pages each essay) about this 2 major themes:
1. Trade.
Why has trade been such a hot topic throughout our history? In what ways has trade helped develop the country? In what ways has it divided Americans?
2. Women.
Describe the role of women in various time periods. What major changes do you see? What events or changes in society had the most impact on women?
Tips: Use examples from various parts of the course to develop your main points.
You need to properly quote and cite any material or idea that is not of your own. Even if you take a sentence, tweak or change it around. You still need to put a citation next to it.

Impact of Trade in America and the Role of Women Throughout History
Trade
In the modern world, goods and services are readily available and one can get them on the free market through trade. It is as easy as walking into a shopping mall and picking the desired product. In ancient years, however, the process was much complicated. If someone within the town did not grow it, make it, or herd it, one had to forget about the desire or suffer by walking long distances to acquire that good. Trade has helped develop America in a number or ways. On the other hand, it also divided Americans. This write-up examines ways through which trade helped Americans, as well as how it divided them.
Trade opened up many trade routes and allowed the country to trade its surplus production while importing what it lacked. Americans had to use faster ships to outmaneuver and outrun the French, British, and private vessels that attempted to capture them. The Empress of China, for instance, was the first American ship to ply the route to and trade with China and was made smaller and light specifically for that purpose. In addition, trade allowed Americans to import Chinese products – porcelain, tea, silk, and so forth. Direct trade with China generated British colonies much profits and Americans also wanted to earn the profits for themselves.
Trade, on the other hand, was a root cause of conflict between Americans. For instance, there were various disputes of taxes which poisoned the relations between South and North. The latter financed its industrial development by using Congress to impose crippling taxes on imported goods, and the South, which practiced an agricultural economy – often having to purchase machinery from abroad – footed the bill. Capitalism and slave trade were racism’s major contributing factors. The concept of dividing individuals by race began with slave trade, which openly declared that Africans were undoubtedly the inferior race. Evidence that capitalism contributed to racism is that prior to capitalism, racism and race-based slavery as a systematic and inhumane form of oppression never existed. For instance, ancient Roman and Greek societies neither had the concept of race nor racial oppression. Since slavery in ancient Rome and Greece was never racially based, the two societies never had a corresponding ideology of either racial oppression or inferiority.
Role of Women in Various Time Periods
Women have always influenced society in various ways and contribute to the growth and prosperity of any community. However, the roles of women have varied largely based on the time period, race, as well as geographic location. American women, for example, were divided into three major groups: the Native Indian, the European, and the African, and they all came from very different backgrounds, with different cultures, norms and traditions, and played extremely different roles in their respective families and communities.
European women who lived in the 16th century were influential in their communities, they played traditional roles such as preparing and serving meals, raising children, weaving clothing, and so forth. Women were educated on how to manage homes, weave clothing, embroider and sew, prepare and serve food, as well as their duties to their future husbands. Education was preserved for high-born ladies, as most people viewed it as a waste of time.
Women in the 17th century took care of and educated their sons. They even took vows of obedience and chastity in the convents. By the 18th century, they had absolute submission to their men. They could stay at home and take care of the children. Other roles expected of them included predestination to marriage and the preservation of virginity and modesty. The 19th and 20th century was no different until the later part of it. The woman was to be honest, with integrity and respect for men and society as a whole.
Women in Ancient Civilization
Gender based societal roles were different depending on society. In ancient Egypt, for example, women possess nearly the same legal right and economic power as men. They could function as queens and manage/ own property. However, the situation was different in ancient Greece, where goddesses could hold significant power, but the more retiring role was left to their mortal female worshippers.
Western World Women
In the Western world, women began to challenge society and address inequality in the 14th century. Joan of Arc, a famous Western woman and a French peasant come military leader was active in the campaign to rescue Orleans from Britons. Her efforts led her to her death after succumbing to severe burns because of her efforts. She was later named a saint and remains a monumental figure in both women and Christian history. Queen Elizabeth I of Europe has also had a stable reign, which has been regarded a milestone in the history of women.
The 21st century, however, brought with it gender equality, campaigns against gender based violence, equal opportunities for women, and women representation in parliament. The modern woman is paid for her work and has to balance between work and her role as a caring mother and a respectful wife. The woman is responsible for her home and the safety of her children.

Using the book “The American Promise: A Concise History, Volume I: To 1877. Fifth Edition”, write 2 essays (1.5 pages each essay) about this 2 major themes:
1. Trade.
Why has trade been such a hot topic throughout our history? In what ways has trade helped develop the country? In what ways has it divided Americans?
2. Women.
Describe the role of women in various time periods. What major changes do you see? What events or changes in society had the most impact on women?
Tips: Use examples from various parts of the course to develop your main points.
You need to properly quote and cite any material or idea that is not of your own. Even if you take a sentence, tweak or change it around. You still need to put a citation next to it.

Impact of Trade in America and the Role of Women Throughout History
Trade
In the modern world, goods and services are readily available and one can get them on the free market through trade. It is as easy as walking into a shopping mall and picking the desired product. In ancient years, however, the process was much complicated. If someone within the town did not grow it, make it, or herd it, one had to forget about the desire or suffer by walking long distances to acquire that good. Trade has helped develop America in a number or ways. On the other hand, it also divided Americans. This write-up examines ways through which trade helped Americans, as well as how it divided them.
Trade opened up many trade routes and allowed the country to trade its surplus production while importing what it lacked. Americans had to use faster ships to outmaneuver and outrun the French, British, and private vessels that attempted to capture them. The Empress of China, for instance, was the first American ship to ply the route to and trade with China and was made smaller and light specifically for that purpose. In addition, trade allowed Americans to import Chinese products – porcelain, tea, silk, and so forth. Direct trade with China generated British colonies much profits and Americans also wanted to earn the profits for themselves.
Trade, on the other hand, was a root cause of conflict between Americans. For instance, there were various disputes of taxes which poisoned the relations between South and North. The latter financed its industrial development by using Congress to impose crippling taxes on imported goods, and the South, which practiced an agricultural economy – often having to purchase machinery from abroad – footed the bill. Capitalism and slave trade were racism’s major contributing factors. The concept of dividing individuals by race began with slave trade, which openly declared that Africans were undoubtedly the inferior race. Evidence that capitalism contributed to racism is that prior to capitalism, racism and race-based slavery as a systematic and inhumane form of oppression never existed. For instance, ancient Roman and Greek societies neither had the concept of race nor racial oppression. Since slavery in ancient Rome and Greece was never racially based, the two societies never had a corresponding ideology of either racial oppression or inferiority.
Role of Women in Various Time Periods
Women have always influenced society in various ways and contribute to the growth and prosperity of any community. However, the roles of women have varied largely based on the time period, race, as well as geographic location. American women, for example, were divided into three major groups: the Native Indian, the European, and the African, and they all came from very different backgrounds, with different cultures, norms and traditions, and played extremely different roles in their respective families and communities.
European women who lived in the 16th century were influential in their communities, they played traditional roles such as preparing and serving meals, raising children, weaving clothing, and so forth. Women were educated on how to manage homes, weave clothing, embroider and sew, prepare and serve food, as well as their duties to their future husbands. Education was preserved for high-born ladies, as most people viewed it as a waste of time.
Women in the 17th century took care of and educated their sons. They even took vows of obedience and chastity in the convents. By the 18th century, they had absolute submission to their men. They could stay at home and take care of the children. Other roles expected of them included predestination to marriage and the preservation of virginity and modesty. The 19th and 20th century was no different until the later part of it. The woman was to be honest, with integrity and respect for men and society as a whole.
Women in Ancient Civilization
Gender based societal roles were different depending on society. In ancient Egypt, for example, women possess nearly the same legal right and economic power as men. They could function as queens and manage/ own property. However, the situation was different in ancient Greece, where goddesses could hold significant power, but the more retiring role was left to their mortal female worshippers.
Western World Women
In the Western world, women began to challenge society and address inequality in the 14th century. Joan of Arc, a famous Western woman and a French peasant come military leader was active in the campaign to rescue Orleans from Britons. Her efforts led her to her death after succumbing to severe burns because of her efforts. She was later named a saint and remains a monumental figure in both women and Christian history. Queen Elizabeth I of Europe has also had a stable reign, which has been regarded a milestone in the history of women.
The 21st century, however, brought with it gender equality, campaigns against gender based violence, equal opportunities for women, and women representation in parliament. The modern woman is paid for her work and has to balance between work and her role as a caring mother and a respectful wife. The woman is responsible for her home and the safety of her children.